Softwood Information

Softwoods, derived from coniferous trees, are a staple in woodworking due to their availability, affordability, and versatility. Despite the name, some softwoods can be quite hard and durable. This guide provides an overview of softwoods, their properties, and considerations for their use in various projects.

What Are Softwoods?

Softwoods come from gymnosperm trees, such as pines, firs, and spruces. They are characterized by:

  • Growth Rate: Generally faster-growing, leading to greater availability.
  • Grain Structure: Typically straight-grained, making them easier to work with.
  • Density: Usually less dense than hardwoods, but exceptions exist.

Considerations When Working with Softwoods

Workability

  • Ease of Use: Softwoods are generally easier to cut and shape, making them suitable for beginners.
  • Tool Maintenance: Resinous species can gum up blades; regular cleaning is necessary.

Finishing

  • Absorption: Softwoods can absorb stains unevenly, leading to blotchy finishes.
  • Preparation: Using a pre-stain conditioner can help achieve a more uniform appearance

Durability

  • Outdoor Use: Not all softwoods are suitable for exterior applications unless treated.
  • Resistance: Species like cedar and redwood have natural resistance to decay and insects.

Sustainability

  • Renewable Resource: Softwoods grow faster than hardwoods, making them a more sustainable choice.
  • Certifications: Look for sustainably harvested options certified by organizations like the FSC.

Popular Softwood Species

White Pine

  • Uses - Furniture (Indoor), Plywood, Veneer, Construction Lumber.
  • Sources - U.S. & Canada
  • Characteristics - Tight pores, tight grain
  • Workability - Cuts easy, not prone to burning
  • Finishing - Stain may blotch, apply a prestain
  • Price - Inexpensive

Western Red Cedar

  • Uses - Furniture (outdoor), Siding
  • Sources - U.S. & Canada
  • Characteristics - Variable Grain, Coarse Texture
  • Workability - Cuts easy, splinters
  • Finishing - Takes stain good, but not oils
  • Price - Inexpensive, cheaper where available

Aromatic Cedar

  • Uses - Furniture (outdoor), Closets (repels Moths)
  • Sources - Eastern U.S. & Canada
  • Characteristics - Straight grain
  • Workability - Cuts easy
  • Finishing - Very clean finish and good stain absorber
  • Price - Inexpensive

Redwood

  • Uses - Furniture (Outdoor), Decks, siding, Fences
  • Sources - West coast U.S.
  • Characteristics - Straight grain, fine
  • Workability - Cuts easy, sands very well
  • Finishing - Very clean finish and good stain absorber
  • Price - Can be expensive

Cypress

  • Uses - Siding, Boats, trim, paneling
  • Sources - South East U.S.
  • Characteristics - Straight Grain, even pattern
  • Workability - Cuts easy, sands very well
  • Finishing - Very clean finish and good stain absorber
  • Price - Inexpensive, cheaper where available

Tips for Working with Softwoods

  • Sharp Tools: Ensure tools are sharp to prevent tearing the grain.
  • Pilot Holes: Drill pilot holes to avoid splitting when nailing or screwing.
  • Moisture Content: Allow wood to acclimate to your workshop's humidity to prevent warping.
  • Finishing: Test stains and finishes on scrap pieces to gauge absorption and color.

Final Thoughts

Softwoods offer a versatile and cost-effective option for a wide range of woodworking projects. By understanding their properties and how to work with them, you can achieve excellent results in both functional and decorative applications.